Preparation process of gr1 gr2 gr3 gr4 titanium plate
Gr1 gr2 gr3 gr4 Titanium plates are gray transition metals characterized by light weight, high strength and good corrosion resistance. Because of its stable chemical properties, good high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, strong acid resistance, strong alkali resistance, high strength and low density, it is known as "space metal". The most common compound of titanium is titanium dioxide (commonly known as titanium dioxide), and other compounds include titanium tetrachloride and titanium trichloride. Titanium is one of the most widely distributed and abundant elements in the earth's crust, accounting for 0.16% of the mass of the earth's crust, ranking ninth. Titanium ores mainly include ilmenite and rutile. The two most prominent advantages of titanium are high specific strength and strong corrosion resistance, which determines that titanium must have broad application prospects in aerospace, weaponry, energy, chemical industry, metallurgy, construction and transportation.
Titanium material smelting
The process of melting titanium raw materials and additives to produce dense ingots of titanium and titanium alloys is the first process of titanium material preparation.
In 1940, the Luxembourg scientist J.w.Kroll used vacuum non-consumable arc melting for the first time in the United States to melt sponge titanium and obtained dense titanium ingots. At the end of the 1940s, the finalization of the industrial-scale consumable furnace was first completed in the United States, marking that the titanium smelting industry entered a stable development stage. Subsequently, the former Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and Japan successively established their own titanium smelting industries in the mid-1950s.
Titanium sponge smelting process
magnestic reduction
The process of producing titanium metal by reducing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with magnesium is one of the main methods of titanium metal production. The reduction operation is carried out in a high-temperature, inert gas protection atmosphere, and the reduction product is mainly separated from the remaining metal magnesium and MgCl2 by vacuum distillation to obtain spongy metal titanium.
The magnesium thermal reduction method was successfully studied by the Luxembourg scientist Klauer in 1940, also known as the Klauer method. In 1948, DuPont Company of the United States began to use this method to produce commodity sponge titanium. The traditional magnesia thermal reduction method is to assemble the distillation equipment for vacuum separation after the reduction operation is completed and the reduction product is cooled. In the 1970s the Soviet Union successfully adopted the semi-union approach. In the early 1980s, Japan successfully adopted the reduction-distillation combined method, referred to as the combined method. The process feature is that after the magnesia thermal reduction of TiCl4 is completed, the hot reduction product is directly transferred to vacuum distillation to separate metal magnesium and MgCl2 at high temperature, which is a major technological progress since the magnesia thermal reduction method was industrialized.
Sodium (Na) reduction method
Also known as the Hunter (Hunter) method, it is the earliest research method used to prepare titanium metal.
The production process of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) by sodium reduction method is exactly the same as that of magnesium thermal reduction method. Under the protection of an inert atmosphere, titanium sponge is produced by reducing TiCl4 with Na, and its main reaction is:
TiCl4 + 2Na = TiCl2 + 2NaCl (1)
TiCl2 + 2Na = Ti + 2NaCl (2)
TiCl4 + 4Na = Ti + 4NaCl (3)
The obtained reduction product is washed with water to remove salt, and finally the product is post-treated to obtain the titanium sponge product.
According to the way the reduction process is carried out, the sodium process can be divided into one-stage method and two-stage method. In the reaction process, if the reduction reaction is completed once according to the formula (3), the process of producing sponge titanium is called a one-stage method. In the reaction process, if the first step is to prepare TiCl2 according to formula (1), and then the second step is to continue to reduce TiCl2 to sponge titanium according to formula (2), it is called a two-stage process. At present, both methods are applied in industrial production.
